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Taking into account the long and short positions, in the
univariate case we introduce notation
to denote a
generic measure,
, associated with a specific portfolio and position.
Using this notation we can than construct the mean measure,
,in the univariate (u) context as
|  |
(1) |
where each of the
is an entirely univariate construct
related to the 20 distinct univariate portfolios with
respect to which loss is estimated by a candidate model.